Stages in floral biology, gynoecium development and ovule morphogenesis are depicted at 12, 6, 2 and 1 days before anthesis, as well as the first and second day of anthesis noted as 12 d, 6 d, 2 d, 1 d, 0 d and 1 d, respectively. We present scanning electron microscopy about the vegetative shoot, inflorescence and flower development in pinguicula alpina and p. Lotus plants are adapted to grow in the flood plains of slowmoving rivers and delta areas. Valentin grob institut fur systematische botanik, universitat zurich, zollikerstrasse 107, zurich, switzerland. Floral biology and ovule and seed ontogeny of nymphaea. The flower consists of anthophylls that are the sterile and fertile leaves. Phylogeny and evolutionary patterns in nymphaeales. Aug 01, 2020 the flower of nymphaea pulchella showed numerous floral organs forming a size gradient, maintaining the pattern described for the genus wiersema, 1988. Developmental morphology of branching flowers in nymphaea prolifera by valentin grob, philip moline, evelin pfeifer, alejandro novelo and rolf rutishauser get pdf 654 kb. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus nymphaea. The fertile leaves are the carpels gynoecyum and the stamens androecium. Pdf developmental morphology of branching flowers in. The description in terms of classical plant morphology cannot reveal all morphological variation of transitional organs. Female flowers are surrounded by small male flowers.
The sterile leaves are the sepals and petals and they constitute the perianth figures 1a,b. Morphology of flowering plants biology notes for neetaiims. The vasculature in this plexus is so complex taht it is not easy to trace its structure in detail. Water lilies are rooted in soil in bodies of water, with leaves and flowers floating on or emergent from the surface.
Seed morphology and germination in vitro kitti bodhipadma1, sompoch noichinda1, phetcharat wachirabongkoth1, ekawut pukpoomin1, luepol punnakanta2 and koravisd nathalang3 1department of agroindustrial technology, faculty of applied science, king mongkuts university of. It shows the number of floral organs, their arrangement and fusion. This is a wellknown medicinal plant widely used in the ayurveda and siddha system of medicine for the treatment of diabetes, inflammation, liver disorders, urinary disorders. Morphology, viability, and germinability of pollen from two. In addition to the variability of habitat, monocots also exhibit a wide range of growth forms. The seeds of nymphaea, nelumbium are edible due to stored starch. Several reproductive strategies have evolved within the genus nymphaea. Pdf nymphaea and nuphar nymphaeaceae share an extraaxillary mode of floral inception in the shoot apical meristem sam. Teratai nymphaea di kabupaten banjar, kalimantan selatan comparative for morphology and floral biology of two species water lily of the genus nymphaea of banjar regency, south kalimantan bakti nur ismuhajaroh, gt. Flower parts and structures can be examined at this link to flower morphology kpu. The family contains five genera with about 70 known species.
A fundamental aspect of perianth structure is perianth arrangement, the position of perianth parts relative to one another. Flower is defined as highly condensed and modified reproductive shoot. Morphology reproductive morphology flowers calyx sepals 4, 4. The five subgenera of nymphaea exhibit differences in floral biology. Floral diagram is a graphic representation of flower structure.
Seed morphology was studied in 10 species belonging to three subgenera of nymphaea occurring in mexico. Abstract nymphaea and nuphar nymphaeaceae share an extraaxillary mode of floral inception in the shoot apical meristem sam. Ondinea appears as a close relative of the australian subg. We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. It was spread to other countries already in ancient times and has been long valued as a garden flower in thailand and myanmar to decorate ponds and gardens. Nov 01, 2000 in a study on the morphology of diaspores of water plants in the valley of mexico including two species of nymphaea, olvera and lot 1991 described two of the four types of seed that had been previously described by weberbauer 1894 in nymphaea. Corolla tube pollination biology floral anatomy water lily primary xylem. Jun 16, 2019 on the margin of it, secretory glands are found.
Ermyn erhaka fakultas pertanian universitas lambung mangkurat, jln. Conard 1905 divided the genus nymphaea into five subgenera castalia, hydrocalis, anecphya, lotos, and brachyceras on the basis of floral and seed morphology, the gross morphology. This thesis sets out to examine the taxonomy, reproductive ecology, development and evolution of certain scies within this family by careful observation of the floral morphology of the plants concerned using both direct observation on whole flowers and. This aquatic plant is native to the indian subcontinent.
The flower of nelumbo nucifera are recommended as cardiac tonic and also in treatment of liver diseases. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. Studies in the floral morphology and anatomy of nymphaeales. Angiosperms produce flowers which are arranged on a structure called an inflorescence.
This is much more easily achieved using the delta data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, distributions of. Flower morphology flowering plants have reproductive structures that attract pollinators, such as bees and hummingbirds, that aid in dispersing pollen to flowering plants. Flower morphology, with emphasis on the timing of male and female functions, was correlated with key developmental. Developmental morphology of branching flowers in nymphaea prolifera. Growth form, or more technically habit, refers to the overall architecture of a plant, whether it grows upright from a trunk as do trees, or creeps along the ground like a vine, or any number of other possibilities, only some of which will be mentioned here. Introduction in my previous paper ito 1983, the morphology of vascular bundles in inibemphaea tetragona was observed and discussed, and it was concluded. Female and male parts of the flower are active at different times usually, to facilitate crosspollination.
Plant morphology flowers and fruit red seal landscape. Pdf comparative seed morphology of mexican nymphaea species. Pdf morphological variation of nymphaea nymphaeaceae in. Figure3s figure3t only nymphaea pubescens can be distinguished on the free amino acid analysis of pollen grains base of exine sculpture while nymphaea rubra and quantitative analysis nymphaea stellata do not differ on this character, contrary analysis of free. Leaf blade ellipticorbicular to orbicular, 71545 cm in diam. Morphology, viability, and germinability of pollen from. Abstract earlier interpretations of shoot morphology and flower position in pinguicula are controversial, and data on flower development in lentibulariaceae are scarce.
Nymphaea pulchella nymphaeaceae and trigona spinipes. In chapter s 2 and 3, we talked about classification of plants based on morphological and other characteristics. Pattern of variation and systematics of nymphaea odorata. Traditional uses of the plant include treatment of mental illnesses like depression 16, gastric ulcers 17, and recent studies have revealed that the aqueous flowers extract of nymphaea. Morphology reproductive morphology flowers flowers white or cream, 1018 cm. But even when the new york times was highlightingtheconsensusonangiosperm relations 15, another wellestablished consensus, on angiosperm relations to other seed plants, was beginning to erode. Flowers and fruits were processed for brightfield, epifluorescence, and confocal microscopy. In flowers of nymphaea and victoria, carpellary appendages are regarded as structures related to pollination by deceit of nightblooming species. Parsimony analysis of the morphological dataset alone yielded a well resolved and statistically supported tree. Vascular flora of wisconsin botany 401 exam 1 lecture. Nelumbo nucifera, also known as indian lotus, sacred lotus, or simply lotus, is one of two extant species of aquatic plant in the family nelumbonaceae. An inflorescence may support a solitary flower or display individual flowers florets to pollinators or expose flower parts to pollen carried on. Castor oil ia and conon oil jl i n are used as purgatives poisons.
The flowers are large, about 1520 cm in diameter, with five white petals and numerous yellow stamens. Nymphaea nouchali, commonly known as the red and blue water lily, blue star water lily, star lotus, or by its synonym nymphaea stellata, is a water lily of genus nymphaea. W iersema,2 and t homas b orsch 3 1virginia polytechnic institute and state university, 2119 derring, blacksburg, virginia 24061. Nymphaeaceae is a waterplant with white flowers, generally wide spread in tropical africa. Inflorescence morphology and flower development in pinguicula. Developmental morphology of branching flowers in nymphaea. The morphology of vascular bundles in the flower of nymphaea tetragona george. Pdf flower morphology, nectar traits and pollinators of. Introduction to morphology introduction to morphology. General morphological features of the plant rhizomes erect, unbranched. Reproduction and seed development in the water lily nymphaea. The dried and powdered rhizomes of nelumbo nucifera are used to cure piles. Although the diversity in floral morphology of water lily provides useful.
The organization of the vascular system in the stems of. The fruit is a 512 cm diameter aggregate of 15 carpels, each carpel containing five seeds embedded in a fibrous pulp. This floral morphology is associated with basal groups having simple floral organs without connation or synorganization endress, 2010. Some leaf sites along the ontogenetic spiral are occupied by floral primordia lacking a subtending bract. Some plants give wood oil, artist oil and other drying oils. Comparative seed morphology of mexican nymphaea species. Almost every basic botany course includes a unit in which dicot and monocot characters are compared. Bowman, year1989 from our acquaintance with this abnormal metamorphosis, we are enabled to unveil the secrets that normal metamorphosis. Its characteristic round fruits are large, greenish yellow, have many seeds. In the central part of the cup shaped structure, a female flower is found which matures earlier. Reproductive biology of nymphaea nymphaeaceae jstor. The organization of the vascular system in the stems of the. Theoretical morphology, nymphaea, horticultural study, flower morphology introduction.
Morphology is concerned with the internal structure of words and the rules for forming words from their subparts, which are called morphemes. Floral diagrams are useful for flower identification or can help in understanding angiosperm evolution. The arrangement of the floral organs is in a transitional stage between the ancient spiral phyllotaxy and a whorled condition, although superficially the carpels and, in some species, the appendicular organs appear to be in whorls. Seed morphology and germination in vitro kitti bodhipadma1, sompoch noichinda1, phetcharat wachirabongkoth1, ekawut pukpoomin1, luepol punnakanta2 and koravisd nathalang3 1department of agroindustrial technology, faculty of applied science, king mongkuts. The reproductive parts of flowers are separated into male and female parts. Dec 14, 2014 flower and ovule morphogenesis in nymphaea thermarum. Due to the growth of pedicel, this comes out from the cup shaped structure.
Morphology reproductive morphology inflorescences flowers 62030 cm wide, held above the water morphology reproductive morphology flowers calyx sepals green, 38 x 12. Flowers are solitary, bisexual, radial, with a long pedicel and usually floating or raised above the surface of the water, with girdling vascular bundles in receptacle. Early development of the flower is fairly typical of a hypogynous flower, but meristematic activity soon shifts from the apex to an intercalary position slightly below. Typically, flowers with a spiral perianth arrangement have parts that are either. In this study, the anatomy, histochemistry and ultrastructure of carpellary appendages were analysed to investigate their possible role in the production of volatile compounds in nocturnal species nymphaea amazonum, n. Flower has short or long flower stalk which is called pedicel. Morphology of flowering plants biology notes for neet.
Evidence from morphology and inter simple sequence repeats i ssrs k risti w oods,1,4,5 k hidir w. Size characters of nymphaea leaves and flowers do not depend on organic content in water. Different parts of the flower are represented by their respective symbols. Sepals are 412, distinct to connate, imbricate, and often petallike. A theoretical morphological model for quantitative description of the. Parameter values references see complete references in the references section at the end. The reader sees at once that it makes no attempt to cover the whole subject suggested by its title. Nymphaea and nuphar nymphaeaceae share an extraaxillary mode of floral inception in the shoot apical meristem sam. Variation in floral morphology and individual fecundity in. Under a scanning electron microscope, the pollen morphology of the two forms of n. Methods flowers and fruits were processed for bright. Inflorescence morphology and flower development in. For any successful attempt at classification and at understanding any higher plant or for that.
Progress in understanding angiosperm history, success, and. Threedimensional morphological model of water lilies. If you have not been through such a course, or if it has been a while since then, you may wish to view our page comparing monocots and dicots. Traditional uses of the plant include treatment of mental illnesses like depression 16, gastric ulcers 17, and recent studies have revealed that the aqueous flowers extract of nymphaea lotus linn. These oils are extracted from the seeds of several species. One such medicinal plant is nymphaea nouchali burm. Evidence from substitutions and microstructural changes in the chloroplast trnttrnf region thomas borsch,1, khidir w. Seed learning objectives flowers of five types of land in tamil literature. Reproductive morphology chapter 4 chapter outline 4. Pdf abnormal flowers and pattern formation in floral. The vascular anatomy and organogeny of eleven species and two hybrids of n ymphaea have been examined and described. Size of leaves and flowers, and also some qualitative characters of flowers. It is a fairsized octavo of 358 pages, and from these must be deducted about 70 which are most.
In some taxa, such as some magnolias and water lilies, the perianth parts have a spiral arrangement, i. Size of leaves and flowers, and also some qualitative characters of flowers, are thought to. Pdf the flower organ transition in water lily nymphaea alba s. Construction of floral diagram and floral formula 4. Gray was observed chiefly from an anatomical point of view. Pollen morphology, viability, and germinability of two distinct forms bua phan and bua phuean of nymphaea nouchali var. Morphology reproductive morphology flowers corolla. Pdf the morphological variability of the genus nymphaea is. Nymphaeaceae is the national flower of bangladesh, its improvement with respect to economic and aesthetic. Some plants, however, are instead dependent on the wind to pollinate.
Monocots differ from other flowering plants in a number of features. Flower morphology, nectar traits and pollinators of cerinthe major boraginaceae lithospermeae march 2012 flora morphology distribution functional ecology of plants 2073. Nymphaea candida benz and jonsson, 1971 and red flowers of nymphaea marliaceae var. Presence of rhamnoside, galactopyranoside, glucoside attached with myricetin were reported from the blue flowers of nymphaea caerulea fossen et al. Nymphaea species have high morphological plasticity. The developmental morphology of the branching flowers of n. This pattern of flower initiation in leaf sites is repeated inside branching flowers of nymphaea prolifera central and south america. Carpellary appendages in nymphaea and victoria nymphaeaceae. Morphemes are the smallest units in the structural analysis of words.
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