Different types of forests in the world pdf

The broad bands of different vegetation types one can observe while traveling from sea level to the top of a tall mountain at the equator, or from sea level at the equator to sea level in the arctic, reflect changes in temperature and precipitation along these. This is the northern most forest type and is found between 50 and 60 degrees n latitude. Classification and description of world formation types. Different forest types have different fuel relationships. Temperate forests survive a moderate climate and a brief period of frost. It occupies the southernmost limit of the cold and humid eurosiberian region, in the black sea coastal mountains of northern turkey and in. United nations strategic plan for forests, 2017 2030. Mar 21, 2019 forests cover onethird of the world s land surfacemore than 15.

A loss of 58,000 hectares of forests contrasts 108,000 hectares of new forest area. The conversion of forest to another land use or the longterm reduction. Vegetation types characteristic of various life zones as defined by. The researchers chose this broad definition to allow use of a variety of datasets and to avoid somewhat arbitrary distinctions among different land cover types. What are the different types of forest in the world. The remaining tropical forests are a diversity of many different forest types including. These ecoregions were chosen from outstanding examples of each terrestrial, freshwater, and marine major habitat type.

The output of this mapping exercise covers 178 out of 200 forest types described. Today, they cover about of the total land area or, over 15. Ecological forest management is not yet practiced everywhere in the world and limitations to its widespread application remain. Forests 11 forest resources in the eu 12 forest resources in the world 16 forest products and services 20 forests and the environment 22 2. Forests of the world activity 3 mapping the worlds. Evergreen forests are usually found in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of 15 c to 30 c. Explore longterm changes in deforestation, and deforestation rates across the world today. Every forest is different, but some share common traits based on the local climate. This flagship publication is part of the state of the world series of the food and agriculture organization of. The 26 major habitat types describe different areas of the world that share similar environmental conditions, habitat structure, and patterns of biological complexity, and that contain similar communities and species adaptations. See which countries are gaining forest though natural forest expansion and afforestation. Cover photos of cool temperate forests from around the world. Forests take many forms, depending on their latitude, local.

On the basis of climate, forests are classified into temperate forests, boreal forests, tropical forests, subtropical forests, rain forest, monsoon forests and dry forests. These types of forests paint the fall with brilliant colors. Their distribution around the world is governed mainly by the availability of moisture. Types of forests in india and world one needs to visit in a. Top 3 types of forests around the world one tree planted. Classification of forest on the basis of regeneration. Vegetation and forest are the immediate expression of climate of a region. Different subcategories within tropical rain forests. Boreal forests, which extend in broad bands across north america and eurasia. Approximately rd of the earthstotal area is covered by forests forests vary a great deal in composition and density. This evergreen hardwood forest is the natural vegetation.

Although the word forest is commonly used, there is no universally recognised precise definition, with more than 800 definitions of forest used around the world. Three types of forests and why they are important nayturr. Boreal forests are found in canada, northern asia, siberia and scandinavia denmark, norway, sweden, finland. The near east forest ecosystems the near east falls within 5 different bioclimatic regions. These are among the highest altitude forest types in the world, a. A forest is called uneven aged or irregular when trees vary widely in age. These ecosystems are complex webs of organisms that include plants, animals, fungi and bacteria.

Forest composition vary mainly with latitude, longitude, altitude, soil, topography, and forest structure with age, altitude, wind, soil. These are among the highest altitude forest types in the world, and the. Global ecological forest classification and forest protected area. Temperate rainforests make up about 25% of the world s forests. In addition, it is generally recognized that these forests have great ecological, social and cultural importance. Large rainforests are mainly in latin america amazonia where they are called selva, in africa congo, cameroon, madagascar, etc. A holistic system of global ecological zones related to simple, wellknown climate characteristics and vegetation types is now used to classify the world s forests. Only in chile my country, we have around 12 forest types and each one have 34 sub types. Useful notes on four types of forest tropical, temperate. Pdf classification of tropical forests researchgate. The tropical forest has a wide variety of species among all other types of forest ecosystems. An evergreen forest is a forest consisting entirely or mainly of evergreen trees that retain green foliage all year round. See the distribution of global forests and which countries have the most forest cover.

Forests of the world activity 3 mapping the worlds forests. Today you will learn about each type of forest, and why forestation is so important for humans. Besides very few types in indian forests are gregarious to enable their economical exploitation. Tropical and subtropical dry forests are found in southern mexico, southeastern africa, the lesser sundas, central india, indochina, madagascar, new caledonia, eastern bolivia and central brazil, the caribbean, valleys of the northern andes, and along the coasts of ecuador and peru. Eucalyptus open forest, tropical coniferous forests, savanna woodland e. There are also more specific types of forests within these larger regions. Within this vast area youll find all types of habitats, from the boreal forests of canada to the jungles of brazil. Forest, categories, types, functions and institutional. Temperate forests much of north america contains temperate forests, but these forests also appear in europe and northeastern asia. Tropical forests are found between the line of cancer and the line of capricorn that. Various forms of young trees to be used in reforestation. Woods such as are spruce, fir, and pine, birch, aspen, willow, and rowan are. Although a forest is usually defined by the presence of trees, under many definitions an area completely lacking trees may still be considered a forest if it grew trees in the past, will grow trees in the future, or was legally. The major vegetation types of the earth may be grouped as forests, grasses and shrubs.

Deciduous trees predominate these forests, and during the drought a leafless period occurs, which varies with species type. The various educational and training courses that i have been involved in, and my interactions with several instructors and students of agroforestry in different parts of the world, further motivated me into this venture. Forests take many forms, depending on their latitude, local soil, rainfall and prevailing temperatures. Nearly all types of solid wood can be reused if recovered and. Approximately rd of the earthstotal area is covered by forests forests vary a great deal in composition and density and are distinct from meadows and pastures. These forests are different from temperate forests because they have many more evergreens that are designed to withstand cold and wind. Types of forests in indiaupsc notesindian geography. Presentday forest biomes, biological communities that are dominated by trees and other woody vegetation spurr and barnes 1980, can be classified according to numerous characteristics, with seasonality being the most widely used. Occuring between 50 and 60 degrees north latitudes, boreal forests can be found in the broad belt of eurasia and north america. The updated gfm illustrates predominately natural forest cover divided into 30 forest types.

There are maybe hundreds of types of forest with different structures and compositions. There are three main forest types, tropical rainforests, boreal forests and temperate forests. There are so many kinds of forest around the world. The type of forest that can develop in an area is ultimately determined by climate. Based on seasonality, forests are divided into deciduous and evergreen forests. Dry deciduous forest 325 m absent 2180 cm2 occasional common to abundant absent to occasional absent to occasional lower montane forest 1533 m occasional 45180 cm 2 occasional rare common occasional to common upper montane forest 318 m absent 220 cm2 absent absent common abundant.

Pdf on jan 1, 2005, florencia montagnini and others published classification of. Deciduous needleleaf forest natural forests with 30% canopy cover, in which the canopy is predominantly 75% needleleaf and deciduous. Contributions have come from many countries of the world, tropical and temperate. The word forest is derived from a latin wordforismeans outside forests are one of the most important natural resources of the earth.

Identifying, documenting, classifying, and accurately mapping the diversity of forests found around the world is an active, ongoing process. However, they have lower biodiversity than tropical. Different types of forests geography for kids mocomi. Forest service, to develop a revised global vegetation classification to replace the.

Evergreen forests are usually found in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having. An introduction to agroforestry world agroforestry centre. Ohara, in encyclopedia of ecology, 2008 limits on ecological forest management. Forest management an overview sciencedirect topics. The facts that the forests continue to take up one third of the national area and their stands are secure are the success of the federal forest act. Forests are so much more than a collection of trees. About twothirds of the world s boreal forests are found in scandinavia.

For instance, mixed evergreen forests of the klamathsiskiyou region southwest oregon, northern california do not show the same fire and fuels relationships as low. New perspectives on water and forest interactions have enabled a clearer understanding of what forest can do to deal with the challenges the world will increasingly face in terms of the. Tropical forests, or rainforests, occupy the socalled intertropical area of the planet, that is the area between the tropic of the cancer and that of the tropic of the capricorn. Between 2002 and 2012, the forest area changed only slightly. The different types of forest ecosystems are as follows tropical forest ecosystem. There are three types of forests that are explained briefly below. Deciduous forests are one of the names of forests in india. Wwf aspires to a future where humanitys global footprint stays within. However, the actual contribution of forests to the world economy is considered. For instance, mixed evergreen forests of the klamathsiskiyou region southwest oregon, northern california do not show the same fire and fuels relationships as low elevation ponderosa pine forests that they are often lumped with in proposing fuel reduction projects. United nations strategic plan for forests, 20172030 i. When regeneration is through coppice or some vegetative part of the tree.

Boreal forests, or taiga, represent the largest terrestial biome. The forest type atlas contained forest type maps for india which were digitised for the first time. Forest different types of forest in india pdf geography. European beech fagus sylvatica forest in czech republic by scott franklin 2. A coniferous forest is made up of conifers and some deciduous trees. How much of the world is forest and in how many different types. In the second layer tree crowns are about as wide as they are high, and in the third layer the trees tend to have tapering and conical crowns. Temperate broadleaved deciduous and mixed forest 5. Evergreen needleleaf forest natural forest with 30% canopy cover, in which the canopy is predominantly 75% needleleaf and evergreen. Indias forests provided annually about 192 lakh cu. The remaining native forests still harbour a rich variety of fauna and flora with a high level of endemism. The environmental functions of forests in small islands like mauritius far outweigh their direct economic functions. Forests are home to 80% of the world s terrestrial biodiversity. Tropical forests, also known as tropical rainforest, receives almost 100 inches of rain every year.

Forest composition vary mainly with latitude, longitude, altitude, soil, topography, and forest structure with age, altitude, wind, soil, snow. At the 10% canopy cover threshold, total global forest cover is approximately 39. What are various types of forests and importance of forests. Distinct forest types also occur within each of these broad groups. The worlds forests food and agriculture organization of the. So if we can divide india into climatic zones, we can more or less identify the forest types in india easily. Forests are among the world s most productive landbased ecosystems and are essential to life on earth.